Decoding 506(b) vs 506(c) Real Estate Syndications: What Passive Investors Need to Know

Have you ever wondered how you as a passive investor can participate in those lucrative multifamily developments you see being built around your city? The secret lies in Regulation D offerings, specifically 506(b) and 506(c). These are not just random numbers and letters – they’re your ticket to participating in lucrative real estate deals.

The SEC imposes these regulations to protect investors with companies that sell securities. Let’s dive into the world of 506(b) and 506(c) syndications and discover which one might be right for you.


What is Regulation D?

Before we jump into the specifics of 506(b) and 506(c), let’s understand the bigger picture. Regulation D is a set of rules created by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) that allows real estate investment companies to legally raise capital for their projects.

Under the federal securities laws, any offer or sale of a security must either be registered with the SEC or meet an exemption. Regulation D under the Securities Act provides a number of exemptions from the registration requirements, allowing some companies to offer and sell securities without having to register the offering with the SEC.

Companies that comply with the requirements of Regulation D do not have to register their offering of securities with the SEC, but they must file what’s known as a “Form D” electronically with the SEC after they first sell their securities.


Understanding 506(b) Syndications

A 506(b) offering is the traditional way of raising capital for real estate projects. Think of it as the “quiet” option in the world of real estate syndications.

Key features of 506(b) syndications:

  • No general solicitation or advertising allowed
  • Can accept up to 35 non-accredited investors
  • Investors must have a pre-existing relationship with the sponsor
  • Non-accredited investors must be “sophisticated”
  • No requirement to verify accredited investor status
  • Accredited investors are accepted into offering

In a 506(b) real estate syndication, the sponsor (that’s us, the real estate developers) can’t shout from the rooftops about our investment opportunity. We can only offer it to people we know or have a pre-existing relationship with. It’s like an exclusive club where membership is by invitation only.

The 506(b) SEC rules allow for up to 35 non-accredited investors to participate. However, these investors need to be “sophisticated” – meaning they have enough knowledge and experience in financial matters to evaluate the risks and merits of the investment.


Understanding 506(c) Syndications

Now, let’s talk about the new kid on the block – 506(c) offerings. Introduced in 2013, 506(c) syndications are the “loud” option in real estate investing.

Key features of 506(c) syndications:

  • General solicitation and advertising are allowed
  • Only accredited investors can participate
  • Sponsors must take steps to verify accredited investor status
  • No limit on the number of investors
  • Can publicly advertise and market the offering

With a 506(c) syndication, we can advertise our investment opportunity far and wide. We can talk about it on social media, our website, or even put up a billboard if we want to. It’s like throwing a big party and inviting everyone – as long as they meet the accredited investor criteria.

The trade-off is that in a 506(c) offering, we can only accept accredited investors. These are individuals who meet certain income or net worth thresholds set by the SEC. And we have to take steps to verify this status – a simple declaration isn’t enough.


506(b) vs 506(c): The Key Differences

Now that we’ve covered the basics, let’s break down the main differences between 506(b) and 506(c) offerings:

  1. Marketing and Solicitation:
    • 506(b): No general solicitation or advertising allowed
    • 506(c): General solicitation and advertising permitted
  2. Investor Qualifications:
    • 506(b): Can include up to 35 non-accredited but sophisticated investors
    • 506(c): Only accredited investors allowed
  3. Investor Verification:
    • 506(b): Self-certification of accredited status is sufficient
    • 506(c): Sponsors must take steps to verify accredited investor status
  4. Relationship Requirement:
    • 506(b): Pre-existing relationships with sponsor required
    • 506(c): No pre-existing relationship necessary
  5. Disclosure Requirements:
    • 506(b): Additional disclosures required for non-accredited investors
    • 506(c): Standard disclosures for all investors

What is an Accredited Investor?

An accredited investor, as defined by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), is an individual or entity that meets certain financial criteria, allowing them to invest in private securities offerings not registered with the SEC. The following information outlines the accredited investor qualification for individuals and entities, as defined by the SEC.

For Individuals to obtain accreditation status:

Income-based qualification:

  • Earned at least $200,000 annually (or $300,000 jointly with a spouse) in each of the last two years and expects the same level of income in the current year.

Net worth-based qualification:

  • Has a net worth of over $1 million individually or jointly with a spouse, excluding the value of their primary residence.

For an individual to obtain accreditation status, you must meet the income or net-worth qualification.

For Entities to obtain accreditation status:

Financial Institutions (such as banks, insurance companies, and investment companies) can qualify based on their regulatory status.

  1. Entities with over $5 million in assets, including corporations, partnerships, or trusts.
  2. Entities where all equity owners are accredited investors also qualify.

The SEC imposes these criteria to ensure that accredited investors have the financial sophistication and ability to bear the risks associated with investing in private offerings.

To prove your accreditation status, your CPA or tax professional can provide you with written confirmation, which can be given directly to the sponsor.


Which is Better: 506(b) or 506(c)?

multifamily investment opportunities

One offering type is not better than the other. Both 506(b) and 506(c) have their pros and cons, and the choice often depends on the specific needs of the real estate syndication.

The decision to offer an investment through 506(b) or 506(c) regulations is the sole decision of the developer or sponsor in charge of the project. The quality of the prospective investment is not impacted by whether it is a 506(b) or 506(c) offering.

Advantages of 506(b) offerings:

  • Can include non-accredited investors
  • Less stringent verification process
  • May be more comfortable for investors who value privacy

Advantages of 506(c) offerings:

  • Broader marketing reach
  • No limit on the number of investors
  • Can openly discuss investment opportunities

For passive investors like you, the choice between a 506(b) and 506(c) syndication might come down to your accredited investor status and how you prefer to learn about investment opportunities.


How This Affects You as a Passive Investor

If you’re looking to invest in real estate syndications, understanding the difference between 506(b) and 506(c) offerings is crucial. Here’s why:

  1. Investment Access: If you’re not an accredited investor, you’ll likely be limited to 506(b) offerings. However, these opportunities might be harder to find since they can’t be publicly advertised.
  2. Verification Process: In a 506(c) offering, be prepared to provide documentation proving your accredited investor status. This might include tax returns, bank statements, or a letter from your CPA.
  3. Investment Opportunities: 506(c) offerings are often easier to find due to public advertising. You might come across these opportunities on websites, social media, or at investment seminars.
  4. Relationship with Sponsors: In a 506(b) offering, you’ll likely have a closer relationship with the sponsor due to the pre-existing relationship requirement.
  5. Due Diligence: Regardless of the offering type, always conduct thorough due diligence. The rules may differ, but the need for careful evaluation remains the same.

Conclusion: Navigating the World of Real Estate Syndications

Multifamily investments Indiana

Whether you’re considering a 506(b) or 506(c) real estate syndication, the key is to understand what you’re getting into. Both options offer exciting opportunities for passive real estate investing, each with its own set of rules and requirements.

Remember, the world of real estate syndications is vast and full of potential. Whether you’re drawn to the exclusive nature of 506(b) offerings or the openly advertised opportunities of 506(c) syndications, there’s a place for you in this exciting investment landscape.

As you explore these opportunities, keep in mind that the most important factor is not whether it’s a 506(b) or 506(c) offering, but the quality of the investment itself and the track record of the sponsor. Do your due diligence, ask questions, and don’t hesitate to seek professional advice.

At Goodin Development, we work with accredited investors and non accredited investors. Start by applying to join our Investor Club. After that, you can schedule a call with our team and see if we are a great fit to work together.


Frequently Asked Questions

1. What’s the difference between Regulation D 506(b) and 506(c) offerings?

  • 506(b): Allows sponsors to raise capital from both accredited and up to 35 non-accredited investors. However, sponsors cannot advertise or publicly solicit the offering.
  • 506(c): Only accredited investors can participate, but sponsors can advertise and publicly market the offering to reach a broader audience.

2. Can I invest in a 506(b) syndication if I’m not an accredited investor?

  • Yes, in a 506(b) offering, non-accredited investors can participate, but they must be sophisticated investors who understand the risks involved. The sponsor must also have a pre-existing relationship with these non-accredited investors before offering the deal.

3. How is accreditation verified in a 506(c) offering?

  • In a 506(c) offering, the SEC requires that the sponsor verifies investor accreditation status. This can be done through methods such as:
    • Income documentation (tax returns, pay stubs)
    • Proof of assets and liabilities (bank statements, credit report)
    • Certification from a licensed professional (CPA, attorney, or investment advisor).

4. Do I need a pre-existing relationship with the sponsor in a 506(c) offering?

  • No, in a 506(c) offering, a pre-existing relationship is not required. Sponsors can advertise and market the offering to the general public, so investors don’t need to know the sponsor beforehand.

5. Are 506(b) and 506(c) offerings subject to SEC registration?

  • No, both 506(b) and 506(c) offerings are exempt from SEC registration. However, the sponsor must still file Form D with the SEC, disclosing information about the offering, within 15 days after the first sale of securities.

6. How many investors can participate in a 506(b) and 506(c) offering?

  • 506(b): There is no limit to the number of accredited investors, but the offering can include up to 35 non-accredited investors.
  • 506(c): There is no limit on the number of accredited investors who can participate in the offering, but non-accredited investors cannot participate.